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STeMP: Spatio-Temporal Modelling Protocol

Jan Linnenbrink, Jakub Nowosad, Marvin Ludwig, Hanna Meyer

Featured August 1, 2026

Original Paper

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Simply

A new protocol helps scientists clearly describe their computer models that predict things across space and time, making sure everyone understands how they work and if they can be trusted.

In depth
The paper introduces STeMP, a Spatio-Temporal Modelling Protocol designed to standardize reporting and provide guidance for machine-learning models in environmental and geoscientific research. It addresses the critical need for transparency and reproducibility by offering a structured framework to document crucial decisions and data characteristics, particularly those unique to spatio-temporal data like spatial autocorrelation and appropriate cross-validation strategies. The protocol is supported by an R-package and web application that semi-automates reporting and flags common pitfalls.

Key Takeaways

  • 1
    STeMP provides a standardized protocol for reporting spatio-temporal machine-learning models, enhancing transparency and reproducibility in environmental research.
  • 2
    The accompanying R-package and web application automates data extraction from model objects and spatial datasets, streamlining the protocol completion process.
  • 3
    STeMP incorporates a warning system that identifies common pitfalls in spatio-temporal modeling, such as unsuitable evaluation strategies for clustered data, aiding model developers and reviewers.

Conceptual Flow

HIGH LEVEL
1
Methodology: Standardized Reporting and Pitfall Detection

The paper's method is like a checklist and smart assistant for scientists to make sure their maps and predictions are clear and correct.

Model Details
Data Used
Prediction Map
Fill Protocol & Check for Issues
Clear Report
Warning Flags
2
Results: Enhanced Transparency and Reproducibility

This new system helps scientists avoid common mistakes and makes their work easier for others to understand and reuse.

Confusing Reports
Hidden Problems
Apply New Protocol
Easy to Understand
Trustworthy Maps
Reproducible Science