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COSMA: Communication-aware Optimization of Fermionic Simulation Kernels for Modular Quantum Architectures

Enrico Russo, Francesco G. Blanco, Elio Vinciguerra, Davide Patti, Giuseppe Ascia, Maurizio Palesi

Featured July 15, 2026

Original Paper

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Simply

To make big quantum computers work better, a new system called COSMA helps different quantum computer parts talk to each other less by smartly organizing how problems are set up and solved.

In depth
The paper introduces COSMA, a compilation framework designed to significantly reduce inter-core quantum communication in modular quantum architectures for fermionic simulations. It achieves this by jointly optimizing three tightly coupled stages: fermion-to-qubit mapping, Pauli scheduling, and qubit allocation. This cross-layer co-design approach contrasts with traditional methods that optimize these stages in isolation, leading to substantial reductions in communication overhead.

Key Takeaways

  • 1
    COSMA pioneers a co-design approach for quantum simulation, jointly optimizing fermion-to-qubit mapping, Pauli scheduling, and qubit allocation to minimize inter-core communication in modular architectures.
  • 2
    The framework employs a genetic algorithm to discover communication-efficient fermion-to-qubit mappings and a Gray-inspired scheduling heuristic to smooth Pauli term transitions.
  • 3
    A novel iterative heuristic is introduced for parity tree synthesis and multi-core qubit allocation, dynamically managing qubit placement to reduce state transfers during circuit execution.

Conceptual Flow

HIGH LEVEL
1
Methodology: Smartly Organizing Quantum Tasks

The system takes a complex quantum problem and smartly organizes how it's broken down, ordered, and assigned to different computer parts to reduce talking between them.

Complex Quantum Problem
Organize & Assign
Optimized Tasks
Less Talking
2
Results: Faster Quantum Simulations

By organizing tasks better, the system makes the quantum computer run much faster because its parts don't have to wait for each other as much.

Old Way: Much Talking
New Way: Less Talking
Compare Speed
Slower Simulation
Faster Simulation