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Machine Learning

YOLOv10: Real-Time End-to-End Object Detection

Ao Wang, Hui Chen, Lihao Liu, Kai Chen, Zijia Lin, Jungong Han, Guiguang Ding

Featured May 25, 2026

Original Paper

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Simply

Removing the slow post-processing step of Non-Maximum Suppression allows YOLOv10 to detect objects in real-time with much higher efficiency and lower computational overhead than previous models.

In depth
The authors introduce YOLOv10, which eliminates the need for Non-Maximum Suppression (NMS) by employing a consistent dual assignment strategy during training. This approach uses a one-to-many head for rich supervision and a one-to-one head for inference, while simultaneously optimizing the model architecture through efficiency-driven design components like spatial-channel decoupled downsampling and partial self-attention.

Key Takeaways

  • 1
    The authors introduce a consistent dual assignment strategy that enables NMS-free training, significantly reducing inference latency.
  • 2
    The paper presents a holistic efficiency-accuracy driven model design, incorporating lightweight classification heads and rank-guided block allocation to reduce computational redundancy.
  • 3
    YOLOv10 achieves state-of-the-art performance and efficiency, outperforming previous YOLO variants and RT-DETR in both latency and parameter count.

Conceptual Flow

HIGH LEVEL
1
Methodology: Dual Head Training

The model uses two heads during training to learn better, but only one head during use to be faster.

Input Image
Dual Head Training
NMS-free Prediction
2
Results: Efficiency Gain

The new design makes the model smaller and faster without losing accuracy.

Old Heavy Model

Efficiency Optimization

New Lightweight Model